Analog Input pins A4 and A5 have the additional function of I2C, as detailed in the “ARDUINO UNO PINOUT” tutorial for the Arduino UNO.
I2C communication is supported by Arduino. Using this address, the master can choose a specific slave to send or receive data from, and the slave will respond appropriately. There is a unique 7-bit address for each slave device on the I2C bus.
It is possible to have both multiple masters and multiple slaves on an I2C network (but we usually see single master and multiple slaves). The master also provides the clock signal. It is the job of the Bus Master to transmit and receive data to and from the slave devices. I2C Bus devices can be either “Master” or “Slave,” depending on their connection type.
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